你认为遗产经济学的理论是否适合目前的文化遗产管理,你从遗产经济学中受到了哪些启示?

2025-05-18 11:04:44
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

近年来,文化遗产争夺战可谓烽烟四起、高潮迭出。这并不能代表可喜的民族文化自觉与文物保护意识增强。在个别地方政府志在必得的“文化激情”背后,是利益驱动下“遗产经济学”的精细打算——“每挖掘一个名人故里,就可以开发一个旅游景点,带来可观的经济收入。”这反映了我们这个国家的执政政府,在文化遗产管理上存在着严重的“金本位”腐朽思想。从这样的“文化遗产争夺”闹剧中,我们或许也能得到些启示:

1、将文化遗产,视为地方经济的“摇钱树”,这样的观念,在目前的中国已经有了很多现实注脚。我们在册的世界文化遗产,十分之一由于“过度开发”受到警告便是明证。不少已经夺得文化遗产“归属权”的地方,以创收为核心,将文化演变为商业,大张旗鼓地进行着杀鸡取卵似的经营。

2、“文化遗产争夺”同时反映出个别地方政府“伪文化”的泛滥。当三江并流、都江堰、武当古刹等文化古迹传出“过度开发”的消息,当几乎每一种有魅力的文化都必有浩浩荡荡却毫无魅力的新建“伪文化”,甚至每一部古典文化名著,都演化为一座荒唐可笑的娱乐场时,不仅观众失去了文化的共鸣,历史文化也在被切割、破坏和颠覆。

3、政府参与社会事业的文化构建,本没有错。但问题是,这样的建设应当以公共文化服务为重点。面对此起彼伏的“争夺战”与“伪文化”浪潮,政府本应做正确的引导,为何却成了推波助澜的主导。例如,一些政府参与的公祭活动席卷南北——陕西黄陵、河南周口与甘肃天水瓜分了伏羲;湖北竹山、河北邯郸、甘肃天水和山西万荣等地共享了女娲;陕西黄陵和河南新郑分食黄帝;河南焦作、湖南炎陵和山西高平肢解炎帝;湖南宁远跟山西运城一起争夺舜帝…… 由于地方政府的高调介入与认同,一些耗资巨大的标志性“文化符号”也应运而起。“帝尧故里”争夺战中,临汾修建了“中华民族文明之门”的华门,这座出手不凡的大制作从规模到设计处处“天下第一”。在此之前,长达21公里的“华夏第一祖龙”,高达近40米的刘邦铜像,在河南两地被轰轰烈烈地打造...这些个政府,拿着纳税人的钱都干了些什么?!

4、“官本位”的中国处世哲学又一次被个别地方政府完美的诠释了一遍。逐步升格的“崇古活动”与不断新建“文化标记”,已经成为一些地方新一轮面子工程的集体亮相,甚至有些国家级贫困县也卷入其中。在光大传统、发展文化的口号之下,一些官员的心中,不仅有对经济效益的图谋,更有对“政绩收益”的盘算。他们用行政拨款下注,看能否博取对自己更大的利益。让经济利用,被政治挟持,结果是,以文化为名义的文化行动,非但没有为社会繁荣带来推力,没有增强我们的历史文化意识,反而推助了急功近利、惟利是图的社会风气,加剧了好大喜功、铺张浪费的官场恶习,留下了沉重的文化欠债和社会成本。

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