(1)开关S1、S2均闭合且滑片P滑到b端,等效电路图甲所示,
I1′′=I1-I2,∵I1:I2=7:4,
∴I1′′:I2=3:4,
则
=R1 RL
=
U
I1′′
U I2
=I2
I1′′
,4 3
RL=
R1=3 4
×40Ω=30Ω,3 4
灯泡功率PL=
,电压表示数
U
RL
UV=
=
PLRL
=12V,
4.8W×30Ω
电源电压U=UV=12V,
答:电压表V的示数是12V.
(2)如图甲所示,I2=
=U RL
=0.4A,12V 30Ω
∵I1:I2=7:4,∴I1=
I2=7 4
×0.4A=0.7A,7 4
开关S1、S2均断开且滑片P置于滑动变阻器中点,等效电路图如图乙所示,
∵I1′是I1的
倍,∴电路电流I1′=3 7
×0.7A=0.3A,3 7
电路总电阻R=