(1)闭合开关S时,R1和灯泡L并联在电路中,电流表A1测电阻R1的电流.则:U=I1R1=0.5A×12Ω=6V.(2)∵R1和灯泡L并联,∴通过灯泡L的电流为:I2=I-I1=1.5A-0.5A=1A,灯泡L的电阻为:RL= U I2 = 6V 1A =6Ω,(3)∵小灯泡L恰好正常发光,∴P额=P实=UI2=6V×1A=6W.答:(1)电源电压为6V;(2)灯泡L的电阻为6Ω;(3)灯泡L的额定功率为6W.