只闭合开关S时,等效电路图如图1所示;
只闭合开关S、S1时,等效电路图如图2所示;
只闭合开关S、S2时,等效电路图如图3所示.
图1和图2中,
∵I=
,U R
∴
=U1 U′1
=
I1R1
I2R1
=I1 I2
,5 8
=U2 U′2
=
I1(R2+R3)
I2R3
×I1 I2
=
R2+R3
R3
×5 8
=
R2+R3
R3
,5 2
解得:R2=3R3,
∵电源的电压不变,
∴
=I1 I2
=
R1+R3
R1+R2+R3
=
R1+R3
R1+3R3+R3
,5 8
解得:R1=4R3,R2=
R1,3 4
图1和图3中,
∵电源的电压不变,
∴
=I1 I3
=
R2+R3
R1+R2+R3
=
3R3+R3
4R3+3R3+R3
,1 2
图3中,
P2=I32R2=(2I1)2×
R1=3I12R1=3×5W=15W.3 4
答:当只闭合开关S、S2时,电阻R2的功率为15W.